Dementia often starts with subtle changes that can be mistaken for normal ageing. Paying attention to these signs can help with early diagnosis and timely care.
National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS) has created short films featuring real-life stories of caregivers and experts, highlighting early signs, diagnosis, and dementia care strategies. These videos offer valuable insights into managing the condition with compassion and expertise. Watch them to learn more.
Early symptoms to look out for include:
Early symptoms to look out for include:
- Memory lapses: Forgetting recent events, names, or appointments.
- Difficulty in daily tasks: Struggling with familiar activities, such as following a recipe or managing finances.
- Confusion: Losing track of dates, time, or places.
- Communication issues: Trouble finding the right words or following conversations.
- Mood or behaviour changes: Increased irritability, withdrawal from social activities, or unexplained mood swings.
If you notice these symptoms in yourself or a loved one, consult a healthcare professional. Diagnosis may involve cognitive tests, brain imaging, and lifestyle assessments to understand the progression better.
Watch this video for a deeper dive into dementia symptoms and the diagnostic process:
Steps to Manage the Condition
1. Establish a Daily Routine
- Keep a consistent schedule for meals, medication, and activities to reduce confusion.
- Use visual aids like calendars, clocks, and labels to reinforce memory.
2. Simplify Communication
- Speak slowly and clearly, using simple sentences.
- Give one-step instructions to make tasks easier.
- Use visual cues or gestures when words are difficult to follow.
3. Ensure a Safe Environment
- Remove hazards like loose rugs or clutter to prevent falls.
- Install grab bars in bathrooms and ensure adequate lighting.
- Use GPS trackers or identification bracelets in case of wandering.
4. Support Emotional Well-being
- Encourage social interaction through visits, music, or familiar activities.
- Validate feelings rather than correcting mistakes to reduce frustration.
- Engage in reminiscence therapy using old photos or music.
5. Assist with Daily Activities
- Adapt clothing with easy fastenings for dressing independence.
- Offer finger foods or adaptive utensils to simplify eating.
- Monitor hygiene and toileting needs with dignity and patience.
6. Manage Behavioral Changes
- Identify triggers for agitation or aggression and redirect focus.
- Use soothing music, sensory activities, or light exercises to reduce restlessness.
- Seek professional guidance for severe behavioral symptoms.
7. Caregiver Support and Respite
- Join dementia support groups for shared experiences and emotional relief.
- Take breaks and seek respite care to avoid caregiver burnout.
- Consult healthcare professionals for evolving care needs.
Build a Support System
- Join a dementia support group to connect with others facing similar challenges.
- Involve family and friends in caregiving to share responsibilities and create a nurturing environment.
- Seek professional guidance to personalise care plans for specific needs.
Explore the first steps to treatment in this video:
Addressing Physical Pain as Part of Dementia Care
Physical discomfort often goes unnoticed in dementia patients but can lead to behavioural changes like agitation or withdrawal. Caregivers must look for signs of pain, such as restlessness, grimacing, or changes in appetite.
Tips to alleviate discomfort:
- Create a calming routine and environment to reduce agitation.
- Introduce soothing practices like massages or aromatherapy to promote relaxation.
- Engage the person in light physical activity to keep muscles and joints active.
By addressing physical and emotional well-being, you can improve the overall quality of life for dementia patients.
Learn how physical pain impacts dementia patients and how to manage it effectively in this video:
Takeaway
Early detection and proactive management are key to improving the quality of life for individuals with dementia. Recognising the early signs, seeking timely diagnosis, and making lifestyle adjustments can slow progression and support cognitive well-being. Caregivers play a vital role in ensuring emotional and physical comfort, making a strong support system essential.
By taking small yet impactful steps—like staying mentally active, maintaining a healthy lifestyle, and addressing physical discomfort—we can enhance the daily lives of those affected.
Stay informed, seek help when needed, and remember—you’re not alone in this journey. Watch the videos linked above to learn more about dementia care and support.
Frequently Asked Questions
Is there a Dementia Care Helpline?
Yes, in India, you can contact the Dementia India Alliance National Dementia Support Line at +91 8585 990 990 (available Monday-Saturday, 8:00 AM to 6:00 PM). Y
What’s the difference between dementia and Alzheimer’s?
Dementia is a broad term for cognitive decline, while Alzheimer’s is its most common type.
At what age can dementia start?
Mostly after 65, but early-onset dementia can begin in the 40s or 50s.
How common is dementia in India?
Over 8.8 million people in India live with dementia.
Is Dementia reversible?
Most types aren’t, but some caused by vitamin deficiencies or infections can be treated.
Does memory loss always mean dementia?
No, occasional forgetfulness is normal. Persistent memory issues should be checked.
Can lifestyle changes reduce dementia risk?
Yes! Regular exercise, a healthy diet, mental stimulation, and social engagement help.
Does dementia cause physical symptoms?
Yes, like difficulty walking, poor coordination, and weight loss in later stages.